01Shares: understand the business
We consider the business model, earnings quality, balance sheet and competitive position alongside the price being paid. A familiar company is not automatically a good investment. Dividends can change, share prices can fall substantially and a concentrated position can magnify losses.
02Indices, ETFs and broad exposure
An index is a benchmark, not something bought directly. Exposure is typically obtained through a fund or ETF. We examine the underlying holdings, regional and sector concentration, replication method, tracking differences, liquidity and ongoing charges. A broad label does not necessarily mean a balanced portfolio.
03Bonds: more than the coupon
A bond's coupon is not the same as its yield at the purchase price. We consider issuer credit quality, maturity, currency, market price and repayment terms. Bonds can lose value when rates move or the issuer weakens; even a fixed coupon does not make repayment risk-free.
04Fit before selection
Time horizon, available reserves, financial commitments and capacity to absorb losses shape the discussion. We distinguish the return you would like from the risk you can actually take. Money required for near-term obligations should be identified before investment options are compared.
05Diversification and total costs
We look across holdings rather than treating each product in isolation. Overlapping exposures, currency risks and dependence on one issuer or sector deserve attention. Custody, product, transaction and currency-conversion costs should be understood before an option is pursued.
06From research to a decision
We discuss the investment rationale, relevant alternatives and the circumstances that could invalidate the original thesis. The agreed mandate determines the service provided. Custody, execution and any ongoing management arrangement must be separately established; researching an opportunity is not authority to trade on your behalf.